nonmetropolitan area · 4700004

East Tennessee nonmetropolitan area

Source: BLS OEWS, May 2025East Tennessee nonmetropolitan area

Figures describe the East Tennessee nonmetropolitan area, a BLS-defined region outside metropolitan areas — not a single city or town.

Median annual wage, all occupations$39,230
Total employment140,860

Across all occupations, the median wage in the East Tennessee nonmetropolitan area was $39,230 per year ($18.86 per hour) as of the May 2025 OEWS estimates, across 140,860 jobs. 348 detailed occupations are published for this area.

Most concentrated occupations

Occupations far more common here than in the U.S. overall (location quotient ≥ 1.5, published estimates only) — a truthful picture of what makes this area’s job mix distinctive.

Location quotient: local share of employment ÷ national share
OccupationLocation quotientEmploymentMedian annual
Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders12.69680$44,530
Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks5.061,200$29,270
Production Workers, All Other4.901,120$45,540
Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators2.963,770$41,520
Amusement and Recreation Attendants2.841,020$31,250
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop2.811,100$26,470
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners2.812,190$28,000
Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers2.61980$47,610

All published occupations

Every detailed occupation BLS publishes for this area in May 2025 348 in total. Sort by pay, employment, or concentration.

Published occupations in the East Tennessee nonmetropolitan area
Occupation
Retail Salespersons$30,810$14.815,5001.56
Cashiers$27,870$13.405,0501.80
Fast Food and Counter Workers$26,500$12.744,9301.41
Waiters and Waitresses$26,820$12.904,3802.13
Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators$41,520$19.963,7702.96
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand$36,290$17.453,3001.23
Stockers and Order Fillers$33,850$16.283,0901.20
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers$47,810$22.982,8101.51
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General$44,720$21.502,3401.69
Cooks, Restaurant$35,610$17.122,2601.77
General and Operations Managers$80,230$38.572,1900.69
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners$28,000$13.462,1902.81
Office Clerks, General$35,140$16.892,0300.91
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers$38,450$18.491,8701.69
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers$42,450$20.411,8301.80
Registered Nurses$75,410$36.261,8100.59
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education$58,760Not published1,7401.38
Customer Service Representatives$36,510$17.551,5300.65
Home Health and Personal Care Aides$33,860$16.281,4600.37
First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers$61,110$29.381,3902.27
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners$31,080$14.941,3800.69
Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary$28,110Not published1,3201.03
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive$39,440$18.961,3100.85
Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks$29,270$14.071,2005.06
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks$45,550$21.901,1900.95
Construction Laborers$42,400$20.381,1901.20
Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants$36,230$17.421,1201.29
Production Workers, All Other$45,540$21.901,1204.90
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop$26,470$12.731,1002.81
Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers$45,660$21.951,0801.99
Food Preparation Workers$27,560$13.251,0601.31
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers$29,110$14.001,0302.10
Amusement and Recreation Attendants$31,250$15.021,0202.84
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education$60,760Not published1,0101.04
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers$52,250$25.121,0101.66
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers$36,190$17.401,0101.17
Nursing Assistants$36,470$17.549900.76
Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers$47,610$22.899802.61
Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators$46,180$22.209301.33
Correctional Officers and Jailers$52,770$25.378702.54
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses$55,670$26.778601.46
Bartenders$22,490$10.818201.19
Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators$56,220$27.038201.89
Light Truck Drivers$39,760$19.127900.89
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education$58,840Not published7601.35
Industrial Machinery Mechanics$61,310$29.487501.89
Cooks, Fast Food$26,570$12.777301.26
First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers$72,030$34.637001.26
Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders$44,530$21.4168012.69
Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks$40,910$19.676700.90
Packers and Packagers, Hand$34,110$16.406401.26
Security Guards$36,570$17.586300.54
Dishwashers$29,140$14.016301.46
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics$47,910$23.036300.99
Accountants and Auditors$68,780$33.076000.45
Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel$37,870$18.215900.52
Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria$30,580$14.705801.45
Tellers$34,880$16.775701.90
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers$63,400$30.485600.75
First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material Moving Workers, Except Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors$56,000$26.925600.99
Pharmacy Technicians$36,710$17.655501.28
Human Resources Specialists$61,810$29.715300.64
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products$56,990$27.405200.46
Receptionists and Information Clerks$32,760$15.755200.62
Substitute Teachers, Short-Term$37,820$18.194901.03
Bus Drivers, SchoolNot publishedNot published4801.33
Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers$29,470$14.174702.63
Managers, All Other$68,960$33.154600.82
Postal Service Mail Carriers$57,120$27.464601.53
Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders$43,980$21.144603.19
Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks$49,620$23.864501.28
Electricians$51,980$24.994500.65
Medical Assistants$37,890$18.224200.56
Financial Managers$117,320$56.414000.53
Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers$34,330$16.514002.78
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant$28,590$13.744001.50
Tour and Travel Guides$29,740$14.304008.24
Buyers and Purchasing Agents$59,360$28.543900.88
Machinists$47,010$22.603901.50
Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic$48,030$23.093802.42
Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators$52,850$25.4137024.98
Industrial Engineers$93,630$45.023601.08
Firefighters$46,090$22.163601.15
Animal Caretakers$28,240$13.583501.45
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters$48,590$23.363500.84
Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic$39,660$19.073502.56
Training and Development Specialists$51,580$24.803400.82
Project Management Specialists$88,910$42.743300.34
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers$47,600$22.893300.88
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists$53,560$25.753200.40
Entertainment Attendants and Related Workers, All Other$30,890$14.8532050.12
Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders$37,700$18.133200.93
Industrial Production Managers$117,480$56.483101.38
Food Service Managers$61,830$29.733101.45
Counter and Rental Clerks$35,320$16.983100.85
Bakers$30,940$14.883101.44
Sewing Machine Operators$31,710$15.253103.28
Pharmacists$130,850$62.913001.02
Childcare Workers$24,960$12.003000.64
Sales Managers$111,860$53.782900.50
Computer Occupations, All Other$64,870$31.192900.73
Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators$45,960$22.092902.51
Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians$46,890$22.542804.13
Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary$83,490Not published2700.90
Medical and Health Services Managers$98,500$47.362700.50
Child, Family, and School Social Workers$61,370$29.512700.76
First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives$61,730$29.682701.91
Computer User Support Specialists$45,680$21.962600.39
Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors$56,910$27.362600.81
Coaches and Scouts$42,170Not published2601.17
Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing$32,480$15.612604.72
Driver/Sales Workers$38,650$18.582600.70
Loan Officers$61,260$29.452501.02
Nurse Practitioners$103,510$49.772500.87
Carpenters$47,630$22.902500.41
Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists$53,450$25.702500.97
Engine and Other Machine Assemblers$46,440$22.332508.05
First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers$41,770$20.082401.49
Parts Salespersons$33,950$16.322400.97
Chefs and Head Cooks$62,300$29.952301.29
Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers$80,320$38.622201.89
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School$59,950Not published2102.08
Dental Hygienists$82,930$39.872101.02
Dental Assistants$45,530$21.892100.61
Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders$50,310$24.192103.92
Emergency Medical Technicians$45,560$21.912001.23
Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers$31,670$15.232001.80
Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School$60,650Not published1900.81
First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services$44,360$21.331902.00
Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents$48,730$23.431900.44
Loan Interviewers and Clerks$40,750$19.591901.26
Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers$45,810$22.031901.04
Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic$43,060$20.701903.46
Plating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic$39,210$18.851906.40
Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and Mental Health Counselors$48,510$23.321800.40
Physical Therapists$108,230$52.031800.76
Physical Therapist Assistants$64,480$31.001801.79
Cooks, Short Order$29,120$14.001801.46
Recreation Workers$33,510$16.111800.60
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products$73,380$35.281800.69
Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines$58,240$28.001801.10
Business Operations Specialists, All Other$62,140$29.881700.17
Highway Maintenance Workers$47,910$23.031701.20
Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic$53,130$25.551702.78
Administrative Services Managers$104,830$50.401600.65
Computer and Information Systems Managers$132,030$63.481600.26
Construction ManagersNot publishedNot published1600.47
Compliance Officers$61,180$29.411600.42
Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners$44,720$21.501601.22
Cooks, All Other$34,090$16.391609.07
Insurance Sales Agents$36,890$17.741600.37
Tool and Die Makers$58,320$28.041603.13
Civil Engineers$77,540$37.281500.44
Mechanical Engineers$107,500$51.691500.57
Social and Human Service Assistants$36,840$17.711500.38
Librarians and Media Collections Specialists$60,360$29.021501.25
Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors$34,900$16.781500.50
Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance$51,480$24.751500.83
Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood$37,860$18.201503.95
Helpers--Production Workers$45,670$21.961501.00
Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment$30,450$14.641500.43
Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors$41,020$19.721501.13
Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers$57,030$27.421400.48
Cost Estimators$72,170$34.701400.67
Engineers, All Other$81,900$39.371401.04
Lawyers$134,440$64.631400.20
Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education$46,200$22.211400.33
Photographers$34,040$16.371402.88
Respiratory Therapists$62,940$30.261401.07
First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers$47,630$22.901401.14
Billing and Posting Clerks$42,600$20.481400.38
Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment$51,090$24.561402.35
Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders$46,680$22.441401.11
Shuttle Drivers and Chauffeurs$34,510$16.591400.61
Parking Attendants$31,050$14.931401.12
Healthcare Social Workers$57,990$27.881300.77
ActorsNot publishedNot published1302.65
Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians$61,960$29.791300.43
Paramedics$47,120$22.651301.43
Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers$33,910$16.301301.14
Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists$28,580$13.741300.48
Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators$45,110$21.691303.34
Painters, Construction and Maintenance$40,980$19.701300.64
Butchers and Meat Cutters$34,950$16.811301.01
Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers$31,310$15.061300.96
Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic$48,540$23.341305.51
Marketing Managers$107,740$51.801200.32
Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers$85,120$40.921200.62
Lodging Managers$68,230$32.801203.02
Logisticians$79,700$38.321200.51
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education$48,540Not published1201.27
Instructional Coordinators$64,280$30.911200.60
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants$59,700$28.701200.28
Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other$32,130$15.451200.67
Automotive Body and Related Repairers$43,800$21.061200.92
Network and Computer Systems Administrators$89,900$43.221100.37
Speech-Language Pathologists$78,150$37.571100.66
Phlebotomists$35,460$17.051100.82
Pest Control Workers$37,970$18.251101.18
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks$49,990$24.031100.79
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks$45,740$21.991100.70
Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs$47,000$22.601100.76
Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping$45,140$21.701101.33
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other$50,660$24.361100.68
Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders$48,710$23.421101.25
Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity$39,530$19.011100.76
Special Education Teachers, Secondary School$60,980Not published1000.70
Graphic Designers$49,310$23.711000.54
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians$61,730$29.681000.48
Funeral Attendants$28,120$13.521003.40
Printing Press Operators$37,660$18.111000.75
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders$48,710$23.421004.17
Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants$30,950$14.881001.09
Human Resources Managers$109,370$52.58900.45
Architectural and Engineering Managers$147,560$70.94900.46
Computer Systems Analysts$82,990$39.90900.19
Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists$58,010$27.89901.10
Paralegals and Legal Assistants$50,640$24.35900.26
Opticians, Dispensing$48,990$23.55901.41
First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers$61,520$29.58900.98
Protective Service Workers, All Other$36,120$17.37901.16
Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters$52,500$25.24901.86
Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders$37,470$18.01902.09
Facilities Managers$97,470$46.86800.53
Management Analysts$93,580$44.99800.10
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists$71,340$34.30800.66
Special Education Teachers, Middle School$58,150Not published800.95
Occupational Therapists$106,950$51.42800.55
Medical Records Specialists$46,530$22.37800.47
Detectives and Criminal Investigators$73,060$35.13800.79
First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers$50,060$24.07800.74
Residential Advisors$30,010$14.43801.05
First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers$67,130$32.27800.41
Order Clerks$40,420$19.43801.22
Postal Service Clerks$66,080$31.77801.17
Construction and Building Inspectors$61,110$29.38800.60
Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics$38,480$18.50802.58
Food Batchmakers$41,250$19.83800.51
Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters$43,410$20.87801.18
Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators$50,330$24.20800.49
Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling$66,280$31.87701.93
Electrical Engineers$124,810$60.00700.37
Forest and Conservation Technicians$51,630$24.82702.43
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Postsecondary$62,650$30.12700.72
Educational Instruction and Library Workers, All Other$65,440$31.46700.69
Veterinarians$115,210$55.39700.96
Surgical Technologists$49,880$23.98700.64
Veterinary Technologists and Technicians$37,440$18.00700.58
Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other$29,640$14.25705.56
Bill and Account Collectors$47,580$22.88700.45
Couriers and Messengers$35,300$16.97701.08
Pipelayers$44,580$21.43702.18
Food Processing Workers, All Other$37,750$18.15701.15
Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic$39,500$18.99704.47
Upholsterers$48,980$23.55703.79
Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders$43,660$20.99705.10
Commercial Pilots$93,800Not published701.64
Social and Community Service Managers$87,450$42.04600.34
Tax PreparersNot publishedNot published600.92
Surveying and Mapping Technicians$47,350$22.76601.10
Chemical Technicians$53,560$25.75601.15
Business Teachers, Postsecondary$65,130Not published600.77
Floral Designers$33,910$16.30601.64
Public Relations Specialists$47,950$23.05600.25
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists$70,980$34.12601.42
Pharmacy Aides$28,530$13.72601.60
Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service$35,780$17.20601.89
File Clerks$40,660$19.55600.86
Data Entry Keyers$34,680$16.68600.51
Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse$31,300$15.05600.24
Brickmasons and Blockmasons$47,290$22.73601.19
Sheet Metal Workers$42,910$20.63600.51
Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining$49,460$23.78601.77
Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers$57,770$27.77600.44
Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers$73,500$35.34600.66
Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers$40,210$19.33600.66
Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic$45,110$21.69604.53
Woodworkers, All Other$28,900$13.906012.34
Property Appraisers and Assessors$45,400$21.83500.89
Computer Network Architects$112,250$53.97500.28
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and TechniciansNot publishedNot published500.58
Social Workers, All Other$45,970$22.10500.87
Self-Enrichment Teachers$37,160$17.87500.17
Tutors$37,460$18.01500.32
Commercial and Industrial DesignersNot publishedNot published501.54
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers$78,650$37.81500.57
Ophthalmic Medical Technicians$35,980$17.30500.74
Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other$37,850$18.20500.28
Massage Therapists$39,550$19.01500.61
First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers$79,390$38.17501.12
Procurement Clerks$42,730$20.55501.06
Library Assistants, Clerical$23,480$11.29500.67
Public Safety Telecommunicators$43,710$21.01500.53
Tire Repairers and Changers$35,000$16.83500.51
Millwrights$51,290$24.66501.26
Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical Assemblers, Except Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers$45,770$22.01500.24
Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders$48,330$23.23501.68
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators$86,260$41.47400.13
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists$67,870$32.63400.36
Financial and Investment Analysts$92,350$44.40400.13
Personal Financial AdvisorsNot publishedNot published400.16
Financial Specialists, All Other$45,500$21.88400.32
Computer Network Support Specialists$71,980$34.61400.29
Surveyors$61,860$29.74400.80
Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians$68,190$32.78400.57
Engineering Technologists and Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other$73,930$35.55400.73
Rehabilitation Counselors$34,910$16.79400.46
Counselors, All Other$51,920$24.96401.43
Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other$55,270$26.57400.37
Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers$42,810$20.58400.93
Audio and Video Technicians$41,390$19.90400.60
Sound Engineering Technicians$45,760$22.00403.12
Physician Assistants$101,880$48.98400.24
Psychiatric Technicians$38,440$18.48400.26
Occupational Therapy Assistants$72,880$35.04400.82
First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers$48,290$23.22400.57
Skincare Specialists$31,190$15.00400.64
Information and Record Clerks, All Other$48,260$23.20400.30
Meter Readers, Utilities$58,910$28.32402.45
Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping$44,270$21.28400.77
Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners$39,480$18.98401.45
Motorcycle Mechanics$46,290$22.25402.94
Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic$43,320$20.83400.35
Print Binding and Finishing Workers$33,050$15.89401.32
Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other$39,980$19.22400.98
Purchasing Managers$123,220$59.24300.45
Funeral Home Managers$73,860$35.51302.39
Fundraisers$56,820$27.32300.33
Education Teachers, Postsecondary$51,750Not published300.56
Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary$69,130Not published301.72
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other$57,380Not published300.24
Producers and Directors$50,030$24.05300.23
Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers$42,020$20.20301.51
Logging Equipment Operators$38,420$18.47301.72
Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians$48,840$23.48300.26
Home Appliance Repairers$46,940$22.57301.04
Metal Workers and Plastic Workers, All Other$35,420$17.03302.34
Family Medicine Physicians$168,290$80.91Not publishedNot published
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers$59,040$28.38Not publishedNot published
Food Preparation and Serving Related Workers, All Other$33,040$15.89Not publishedNot published
Glaziers$47,520$22.85Not publishedNot published
Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks$36,880$17.73Not publishedNot published
Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants$36,780$17.68Not publishedNot published
Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers$33,480$16.10Not publishedNot published
Musicians and SingersNot published$30.12Not publishedNot published
Software Developers$103,100$49.57Not publishedNot published
Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders$38,710$18.61Not publishedNot published
Tree Trimmers and Pruners$46,330$22.28Not publishedNot published

About this data. Estimates are from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics program, May 2025 release, retrieved from bls.gov/oes/tables.htm on July 24, 2026. OEWS estimates describe metropolitan/nonmetropolitan areas and states — not city limits — and are not designed for year-over-year comparisons. See BLS methodology, our plain-English methodology, and sources. CitySalaryData is independent and not affiliated with BLS.